[공공데이터] 국립생태원 (연구출판물) 생태계교란 식물의 이해

[공공데이터] 

국립생태원_(연구출판물) 생태계교란 식물의 이해

2023년 12월 기준 생태계교란 생물로 지정되어 있는 식물 17종의 관리에 필요한 기초자료를 수록하였습니다. 종 기본정보, 지정현황, 분포현황, 형태적·생태적 특성, 위해성 및 피해사례, 관리방안 등의 항목이 각 종별로 제시되었고, 종 특성이 드러나도록 다양한 사진 자료를 첨부하였습니다.

 

 

" 외래생물이란 외국으로부터 인위적 또는 자연적으로 유입되어 그 본래의 원산지 또는 서식지를 벗어나 존재하게 된 생물을 말한다. 현대 사회에 들어 산업과 경제의 급속한 발달은 국가 간 무역의 확대로 이어지며 과거에 비해 다양한 상품이 대량으로 거래되는 계기가 되었고, 전 세계가 하나의 생활권이 형성됨에 따라 외래생물의 의도적 또는 비의도적인 이동이 증가하고 있다. 특히, 최근 인터넷 상거래 발달 등 개인 간 거래 증가는 관상용·반려용 외래생물의 수입을 빠르게 증가시키며 외래생물의 확산을 부추기고 있다. 외래생물의 자연 생태계 유출 유형은 인간이 의도적으로 들여와 자연에 유출한 경우와 비의도적인 경로로 우연히 들어와 자연에 유출되는 경우로 나눌 수 있다. 의도적으로 들여와 자연에 유출되는 사례로는 식용, 산업용, 농업용 등 경제적 목적과 반려용·관상용 등 생물에 대한 관심에서 시작된 사육·재배에 기인하는 경우가 대부분이다. 경제적 이익을 목적으로 도입한 경우에는 경제적 가치의 하락, 도입 시 자연 생태계 위해성 검토 미흡, 자연 생태계 유출에 대비한 사전 제어 방안 마련 미비가 원인이 되어 자연 생태계에 유출된다. 반려용 또는 관상용을 목적으로 사육·재배하는 경우에는 사육·재배의 어려움과 흥미 감소가 직접적인 원인이 되어 “유기 또는 방사”의 형태로 자연에 유출된다.

 그러나, 모든 외래생물이 다 해로운 것은 아니다. 일반적으로 우리가 소득원으로 재배하는 고구마, 고추 등 다양한 작물과 관상식물 등은 모두 외래생물이지만 우리에게 다양한 혜택을 주고 있다. 단지 일부 특정 외래생물이 유입되어 급격한 환경 변화가 발생하고 이에 따라, 오랜 시간 균형을 유지해 온 생태계가 교란되어 본래의 기능을 상실하게 된 경우가 문제가 된다. 우리는 이러한 외래생물을 ‘침입외래생물’이라고 정의하고 있다. 국제적으로 생물다양성에 부정적인 영향을 주는 요인을 5가지로 제시하고 있으며, 그중 한 가지 요인이 ‘침입외래생물’이다. 그래서 우리는 침입외래생물을 이해하고 관리할 필요가 있다.이러한 중요성을 인지하여, 우리나라 환경부에서는 「생물다양성 보전 및 이용에 관한 법률」에 따라 외래생물을 관리하고 있다. 위 법률에 따르면 법정관리 외래생물은 ‘유입주의 생물’, ‘생태계위해우려 생물’ 그리고 ‘생태계교란 생물’이 있다. "

 

• 유입주의 생물 : 국내에 유입될 경우 생태계에 위해(危害)를 미칠 우려가 있는 생물

 

• 생태계위해우려 생물 : 멸종위기 야생생물 등 특정 생물의 생존이나 생태경관보전 지역 등 특정 지역의 생태계에 부정적 영향을 주거나 줄 우려가 있는 생물, 산업용으로 사용 중인 생물로서 다른 생물 등으로 대체가 곤란한 생물

 

• 생태계교란 생물 : 유입주의 생물 및 외래생물 중 생태계의 균형을 교란하거나 교란할 우려가 있는 생물, 유입주의 생물이나 외래생물에 해당하지 아니하는생물 중 특정 지역에서 생태계의 균형을 교란하거나 교란할 우려가 있는 생물

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■ 관련 데이터

 

생태계교란 식물 지정종수 추이

 

생태계교란 식물 과별 분류

 

 

생태계교란 생물(식물) 지정 현황

 

 

 

돼지풀  ······················································································12

돼지풀

단풍잎돼지풀  ··········································································· 20

단풍잎돼지풀

서양등골나물  · ·········································································· 28

서양등골나물

 

털물참새피  ···············································································36

털물참새피

 

물참새피  ·················································································· 44

물참새피

 

도깨비가지 ···············································································52

도깨비가지

 

애기수영 ·················································································· 60

애기수영

 

가시박 ······················································································68

가시박

 

 

서양금혼초 ···············································································76

서양금혼초

 

미국쑥부쟁이 ········································································· 841

미국쑥부쟁이

 

 

양미역취 ················································································ 921

양미역취

 

가시상추 ··············································································100

가시상추

 

갯줄풀 ·················································································108

갯줄풀

 

영국갯끈풀 ··········································································116

영국갯끈풀

 

환삼덩굴 ··············································································124

환삼덩굴

 

마늘냉이 ··············································································132

마늘냉이

 

 

돼지풀아재비 ·······································································140

돼지풀아재비

■ 관련 자료

 

■ 링크

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